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3.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 34(2): 89-94, ago. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959412

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de un dispositivo binivel autoajustable sobre los eventos respiratorios en pacientes adultos con síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) grave. Se revisaron las polisomnografías (PSG) realizadas con el uso de un dispositivo de binivel autoajustable. La arquitectura de sueño, eventos respiratorios, saturación de O2 (SpO2) y dióxido de carbono exhalado (EtCO2) se compararon entre la PSG basal y la PSG terapéutica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 10 PSG. El dispositivo binivel autoajustable corrigió la arquitectura de sueño; disminuyó el índice de apnea hipopnea (IAH) de 76 (39-137) a 14 (6-13) a expensas de apneas obstructivas y mixtas (p < 0,05), no se observó descenso significativo en las hipopneas. Las apneas centrales incrementaron de 0,5 (0-12,4) a 8,2 (0-20) h−1. La SpO2 y EtCO2 mejoraron. Conclusiones: En pacientes con SAOS grave el dispositivo binivel autoajustable corrige la arquitectura de sueño, mejora la SpO2 y EtCO2 y disminuye el IAH a expensas de apneas obstructivas y mixtas, pero podría no eliminar las hipopneas e incrementar las apneas centrales.


Objective: To evaluate the effect of an auto-bilevel device on respiratory events in adults with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Polysomnographies (PSG) with the use of auto-bilevel device were reviewed. Sleep architecture, respiratory events, O2 saturation (SpO2) and exhaled carbon dioxide (EtCO2) were compared among baseline and therapeutic PSG. Results: We included 10 PSG. Auto-bilevel device corrected the sleep architecture; the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 76 (39-137) to 14 (6-13) at the expense of obstructive and mixed apneas (p < 0.05), there was no significant decrease in hypopneas. Central apneas increased from 0.5 (0-12.4) to 8.2 (0-20) h−1. SpO2 and EtCO2 improved. Conclusions: In severe OSAS auto-bilevel device corrects sleep architecture, improves SpO2 and EtCO2 and decreases AHI at the expense of obstructive and mixed apneas, but could not eliminate hypopneas and even could increase central apneas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Biomedical Engineering/instrumentation , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy , Equipment and Supplies , Biomedical Engineering/methods , Polysomnography , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/instrumentation , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods
4.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 19(4): 517-523, out.-dez. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-645048

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de estudo observacional com o objetivo identificar fontes de ruído em uma unidade neonatal e mensurar os níveis de pressão sonora por elas emitidos. Foi desenvolvido em hospital público do município do Rio de Janeiro, entre junho e novembro de 2009, com 70 sessões de identificação realizadas em dez semanas. Os eventos sonoros foram registrados em instrumento eletrônico e os níveis sonoros medidos por um dosímetro. Realizou-se análise descritiva da duração das emissões de ruído por cada fonte e dos níveis sonoros associados. A conversação esteve presente em 99% do tempo no turno da manhã e 90% no turno da tarde, contribuindo com aumento de 3 a 9 decibéis no nível do ruído de fundo. Destaca-se que 57,6% dos eventos de alarmes contínuos ocorreram enquanto o ruído de pico encontrava-se acima de 80 decibéis. A diminuição do ruído nas unidades neonatais demanda uma mudança de comportamento da equipe profissional.


This observational study identified noise sources in a neonatal unit and measured their sound pressure levels. The study was carried out in a public hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, between June and November, 2009 with seventy identification sessions conducted in ten weeks. The noise events were recorded in an electronic instrument and noise levels were measured by a dosimeter. A descriptive analysis of the duration of noise emissions was conducted on the basis of source and associated noise levels. Conversation was present in 99% of the time in the morning shift and in 90% of the afternoon shift, which accounted for 3 to 9 decibels of background noise level. It is noteworthy that 57.6% of the continuous alarm events occurred while noise peak was above 80 decibels. Diminishing noise in neonatal units demands a change in the professional team’s behavior.


La finalidad de este estudio observacional fue identificar fuentes de ruido en una unidad neonatal y mensurar los niveles de presión sonora que emiten. Fue desarrollado en hospital público de Rio de Janeiro - Brasil, entre junio y noviembre de 2009, con 70 sesiones de identificación en diez semanas. Los eventos sonoros fueron registrados en instrumento electrónico y los niveles sonoros medidos por dosímetro. La duración de las emisiones de ruido por cada fuente y de los niveles sonoros asociados fue sujeta al análisis descriptivo. La conversación estuvo presente en 99% del tiempo durante el turno de La mañana y 90% por la tarde, contribuyendo con aumento de 3 a 9 decibeles en el nivel del ruido de fondo. Se destaca que 57,6% de los alarmes continuos ocurrieron mientras el ruido de pico era superior a 80 decibeles. Disminuir el ruido en lãs unidades neonatales demanda cambiar el comportamiento del equipo profesional.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Acoustics/instrumentation , Neonatal Nursing/methods , Biomedical Engineering/methods , Noise/prevention & control , Analysis of Variance , Brazil , Noise Measurement , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
5.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-453967

ABSTRACT

Células Madre o Stem Cells se definen como células con capacidad de clonación y auto renovación que se diferencian hacia múltiples linajes celulares. El término de totipotencialidad está reservado para aquellas Células Madre con capacidad ilimitada, que pueden dar origen a todos los tejidos diferenciados del cuerpo humano, junto a la placenta y membranas ovulares. Los términos multipotente y pluripotente son esencialmente sinónimos refiriéndose a la habilidad de diferenciarse hacia múltiples linajes celulares del organismo. Este proceso ha abierto una nueva alternativa terapéutica que se conoce como Ingeniería en Tejido la cual abre paso a la investigación, posibles vías terapéuticas de estudio, tales como la terapia celular, utilización de las células madre en la regeneración de tejido, aprovechando el proceso natural de renovación celular para reparar tejidos dañados o suplir algunos tejidos ausentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Engineering/methods , Biomedical Engineering/trends , Stem Cells , Stem Cell Transplantation/trends , Tissue Transplantation/trends , Biocompatible Materials , Stem Cells/classification
6.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Bauru ; 9(3/4): 97-103, jul.-dez. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-321813

ABSTRACT

Os diversos avanços ocorridos nos últimos anos tanto na Odontologia como nas Ciências de Computaçäo permitiram uma aproximaçäo entre estas duas áreas. Através de recursos computacionais tornou-se possível a análise e a soluçäo de problemas complexos encotrados no tratamento de pacientes com dentições comprometidas. Esses recursos envolvem, entre outros, a análise de fotoelasticidade, o método de elementos finitos e a extensometria. Neste artigo säo relatadas as aplicaçöes desses procedimentos naresoluçäo de carregamentos de próteses sobre implantes, bem como as potencialidades que esses recursos apresentam para a pesquisa


Subject(s)
Computing Methodologies , Biomedical Engineering/methods , Biomedical Engineering/trends , Dental Prosthesis Design/methods , Dental Prosthesis Design/trends
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 34(6): 691-7, Jun. 2001. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-285841

ABSTRACT

In the 70's, pancreatic islet transplantation arose as an attractive alternative to restore normoglycemia; however, the scarcity of donors and difficulties with allotransplants, even under immunosuppressive treatment, greatly hampered the use of this alternative. Several materials and devices have been developed to circumvent the problem of islet rejection by the recipient, but, so far, none has proved to be totally effective. A major barrier to transpose is the highly organized islet architecture and its physical and chemical setting in the pancreatic parenchyma. In order to tackle this problem, we assembled a multidisciplinary team that has been working towards setting up the Human Pancreatic Islets Unit at the Chemistry Institute of the University of São Paulo, to collect and process pancreas from human donors, upon consent, in order to produce purified, viable and functional islets to be used in transplants. Collaboration with the private enterprise has allowed access to the latest developed biomaterials for islet encapsulation and immunoisolation. Reasoning that the natural islet microenvironment should be mimicked for optimum viability and function, we set out to isolate extracellular matrix components from human pancreas, not only for analytical purposes, but also to be used as supplementary components of encapsulating materials. A protocol was designed to routinely culture different pancreatic tissues (islets, parenchyma and ducts) in the presence of several pancreatic extracellular matrix components and peptide growth factors to enrich the beta cell population in vitro before transplantation into patients. In addition to representing a therapeutic promise, this initiative is an example of productive partnership between the medical and scientific sectors of the university and private enterprises.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Engineering/methods , Diabetes Mellitus/surgery , Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/methods , Islets of Langerhans/physiology , Biocompatible Materials , Capsules , Culture Techniques/methods , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/surgery , Extracellular Matrix , Graft Survival , Islets of Langerhans/immunology
8.
Rev. mex. pueric. ped ; 8(44): 61-68, nov.-dic. 2000. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-302896

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Gaucher es un trastorno hereditario, causado por la deficiencia de la enzima glucocerebrosidasa, producida en los lisosomas. Esta enzima participa en el metabolismo del glucolípido cerebrósido; su deficiencia provoca la acumulación de éste en los macrófagos; dichas células se han denominado células de Gaucher y se acumulan en hígado, bazo y médula ósea. Se presenta el caso de dos hermanos con enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 1; con terapia de reemplazo enzimático a base de imiglucerase (cerezyme) endovenoso durante un año, lo que revirtió los síntomas de la enfermedad de Gaucher. La imiglucerase inyectable es una forma modificada de la enzima glucocerebrosidasa, producto obtenido por ingeniería genética, indicada en pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 1.1,2


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Splenomegaly , Gaucher Disease , Glucosylceramides , Hepatomegaly , Biomedical Engineering/methods
9.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 704-719, 2000.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-189807

ABSTRACT

Tissue engineering has been applied to various tissues, and particularly significant progress has been made in the areas of skin, cartilage, and bone regeneration. Inclusion of bioactive factors into the synthetic scaffolds has been suggested as one of the possible tissue engineering strategies. The growth factors are polypeptides that transmit signals to modulate cellular activities. They have short half-lives, for example, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), isolated from platelets, has a half life of less than 2 minutes when injected intravenously. Extended biological activity and the controlled release of growth factor are achieved by incorporating growth factor into the polymeric device. This review will focus on growth factor delivery for tissue engineering. Particular examples will be given whereby growth factors are delivered from a tissue-engineered device to facilitate wound healing and tissue repair.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biomedical Engineering/methods , Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/administration & dosage , Cytokines/therapeutic use , Cytokines/administration & dosage , Growth Substances/physiology
10.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 780-788, 2000.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-189800

ABSTRACT

Tissue engineering can serve as an alternative treatment for a malfunctioning or lost organ. Isolated and expanded cells adhere to a temporary scaffold, proliferate, and secrete their own extracellular matrices (ECM) replacing the biodegrading scaffold. The genitourinary system, composed of the kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, and genital organs, is exposed to a variety of possible injury sites from the time of fetal development. All the urinary organs are mainly composed of smooth muscle and uroepithelial cells and which may be approached by tissue engineering techniques. A large number of materials, including naturally-derived and synthetic polymers have been utilized to fabricate prostheses for the genitourinary system. Usually, whenever there is a lack of native urologic tissue, reconstruction is considered with native non-urologic tissue, such as, gastrointestinal segments, or skin or mucosa from multiple body sites. Engineering tissues using selective cell transplantation may provide a means to create functional new genitourinary tissues. This review concerns urinary tissues reconstructed with bladder uroepithelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) implanted on biodegradable polymer matrices.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Biomedical Engineering/methods , Bioreactors , Cytological Techniques/trends , Stem Cells/physiology , Urinary Tract
11.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 836-844, 2000.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-46741

ABSTRACT

Biohybrid artificial organs encompass all devices capable of substituting for an organ or tissue function and are fabricated from both synthetic materials and living cells. The viability of engineered tissue could be related to the viability of implanted cells. The system of viability assay for mammalian cell culture can be applied to the determination of cell viability for engineered tissue. This review explores various methods of cell viability assay which can be applied to the viability evaluation of engineered tissue. The major criteria employed in viability assays include survival and growth in tissue culture, functional assay, metabolite incorporation, structural altercation, and membrane integrity. Each viability assay method is based on different definitions of cell viability, and has inherent advantages and disadvantages. In order to be able to assess the viability of cells with one assay method, it is desirable to compare the viability measurements from various assays derived from different criteria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Biomedical Engineering/methods , Cell Division , Cell Survival
12.
Rev. mex. ortop. traumatol ; 10(3): 99-103, mayo-jun. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-208096

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio contiene información referente a las causas que limitan la longevidad de las prótesis totales de la rodilla y que influyen directamente provocado su aflojamiento y por consecuencia la falla mecánica del implante. Dentro de estas causas, se consideran como las primordiales a las sobrecargadas a que están sometidas tanto los materiales de las prótesis como el hueso en el que se asientan. También deben tomarse en cuenta el peso corporal del paciente, su actividad y los defectos en la técnica de colocación y del cementado. Los efectos indeseables en los materiales y en las estructuras óseas consisten en desgaste, corrosión y respuesta biológica negativa. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis comparativo de los 10 modelos de prótesis más utilizados en nuestro país en lo que respecta a sus materiales de construcción, a su diseño y a la facilidad de colocación que permiten. De los resultados obtenidos se concluyó que los modelos estudiados son similares y de una calidad semejante y las variaciones encontradas se observaron predominantemente en lo referente a diseño, métodos de fijación y versatilidad de los elementos que las configura. Asimismo, se determinó que el problema actual de estos implantes, más que de diseño es de materiales de construcción los que como meta deben ser mejorados en un futuro


Subject(s)
Orthopedics , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Knee/surgery , Biomechanical Phenomena , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Orthopedic Fixation Devices , Biomedical Engineering/methods , Knee Prosthesis
13.
In. Schiabel, Homero; Slaets, Annie France Frère; Costa, Luciano da Fontoura; Baffa Filho, Oswaldo; Marques, Paulo Mazzoncini de Azevedo. Anais do III Fórum Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Saúde. Säo Carlos, s.n, 1996. p.9-10.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-236220

ABSTRACT

A evoluçäo da tecnologia na medicina vem exigindo crescente especializaçäo de médicos na área técnica e de engenheiros, físicos e matemáticos na área médica. Este artigo trata de programas e currículos em engenharia biomédica em mais de 15 países e fornece subsídios para instituiçöes que pretendam desenvolver atividades de ensino e pesquisa na área, principalmente, visando a criaçäo de cursos de graduaçäo


Subject(s)
Biomedical Engineering/methods , Developed Countries , Research/standards , Teaching , Biomedical Engineering/history
14.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 131(1): 83-90, ene.-feb. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-174024

ABSTRACT

Hace casi cinco años, mediante un convenio entre la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana y el Patronato del Hospital General de México, A. C., fue llevado a la práctica el proyecto de un servicio de ingeniería clínica en el Hospital General de México de la Secretaría de Salud. Se presenta el resultado de más de dos años del servicio, cuyos objetivos son: mejorar la implementación de los equipos médicos en el hospital, tanto la selección, la adquisición, la instalación, el control de calidad, el uso y la conservación, así como la educación, la investigación y el desarrollo en materia de recursos tecnológicos para la atención de la salud y servicios auxiliares. En este periodo de arranque se han obtenido resultados interesantes en cada una de las áreas de la ingeniería clínica, mismo que deseamos compartir con la comunidad médica


Subject(s)
Hospital Administration , Equipment and Supplies, Hospital/supply & distribution , Biomedical Engineering/methods , Medical Laboratory Science/instrumentation , Sanitary Installations , Maintenance and Engineering, Hospital/organization & administration
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